The drought monitor as of Tuesday, Jan. 27 indicates little change from last week. Compared to the last few years we are in good shape. The six to 10 day forecast (Feb. 3rd to 7th) indicates a 40 to 50% chance of leaning above normal for temperatures and a 33 to 40% chance of leaning below normal for precipitation. The eight to 14 day forecast (Feb. 5-11) indicates a 40-60% chance of above normal temperatures and a continued 33-40% chance of leaning below normal for precipitation.
Tomorrow is Feb. 1. Even though we have finally experienced winter the last two weeks, days are becoming longer and warmer. We will likely have a chance for another cold snap or two and typically our heaviest snows are in April or even early March. However, wheat will break dormancy and resume growth. It’s now time for wheat producers to put their crop in the best position to optimize yields. So, what needs to be done?
• First, evaluate each field. What does the wheat stand look like in terms of plant density and tillering? This gives the producer an idea of yield potential. As it greens up and grows, are there any biological diseases or nutrient deficiencies present? What, if any weed pressure is present? Hopefully, the producer has an idea of the weed history of the field.
• Second, using a crystal ball and long range forecasts, what is indicated in terms of precipitation and temperatures. This and the first point serve as a guide for yield potential. And a producer needs to determine what the moisture status of the soil is and is there subsoil moisture.
• For fertilizer, especially nitrogen, how much do you need for your yield goal? Typically, nitrogen applications are split into a fall application to establish the crop and get it through the winter. This allows them to evaluate yield potential in the spring and not waste or lose nitrogen. Once the additional nitrogen is calculated, what form is being used. Many like to use solution nitrogen mixed with the herbicide program. When using a liquid, it’s best to apply it as early as practical.
• Determine an herbicide protocol keeping in mind subsequent crops and any rotational restrictions. If using 2,4-D, don’t apply until sure tillering is done. Along with this, cutworms can be a problem, depending on weather conditions, so scouting for fields or areas that don’t green up while other fields are is important and may require an insecticide.
• If grazing and then harvesting a grain crop, monitor crop growth and pull cattle off before jointing.
• Then as the season progresses continue to monitor for insect, disease and weed pressure.
Dr. Victor L. Martin is the agriculture instructor/coordinator for Barton Community College. He can be reached at 620-792-9207, ext. 207, or martinv@bartonccc.edu.
